Fig 3. John Speed's map of c.1610
Fig 4. Benedict Horsley's map of 1694
York Archaeological Trust
The development covers a large area just to the east of the main shopping area in the centre of York (Figure 1). Its western boundary is Garden Place but the development does not include the Shambles multi-storey car-park at the east end of Garden Place. To the north the development boundary crosses The Stonebow to incorporate a former petrol station (now a second-hand car showroom) and follows The Stonebow to Dundas Street where it turns south-east. The eastern boundary includes the whole of the area covered by the Northern Electric Headquarters off Dundas Street and the southern boundary follows the north bank of the River Foss. The site occupies a total area of approximately 40,000 square metres.
The proposed development lies on gently sloping ground on the northern bank of the River Foss up-river from Foss Bridge. It is evident from the height of the modern river frontage that the ground level on the north bank has been raised considerably. The present course of the River Foss is the result of canalisation in the late 18th century. The present ground surface appears to slope gradually down from north-east to south-west and between the northern-eastern ends of Dundas Street and Garden Place the ground also slopes from north-east to south-west. The highest point within the development area is approximately 10.7m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) at the north-eastern end of Dundas Street; the lowest point is at 8.8m AOD in Carmelite Street.
The geological history of York is a complex one. The solid geology is Bunter and Keuper Sandstone (Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Sheet 63 1967) laid down during the Triassic period, some 225 million years ago (Warrington 1974). Over this lies a complex drift geology of Warp and Lacustrine clays which formed during the last glacial inundation, when the vale of York was a glacial lake. The development area lies on the north-east edge of a promontory of boulder clay between the Rivers Foss and Ouse which formed during the last glaciation in the vale. This promontory was used as a naturally defensible site by the Romans. To the east of the boulder clay peri-glacial and post-glacial alluvial silts and clays form a thick band of deposits laid down in the many inter-cutting channels of the River Foss. The prediction of exactly which of the underlying geological deposits will be found in any particular part of the development site is thus difficult to define with precision. The uncertain course of the River Foss in pre-Norman times and the likelihood of encountering over-bank deposits which seal archaeological material render precise predictions about the depth and nature of the archaeology of the area difficult without further investigation.
Although no prehistoric archaeological deposits have been located within the development site, evidence for possible prehistoric riverside occupation, in the form of residual worked flint tools, was located during the archaeological evaluation of the Adam’s Hydraulics site in 1991-3 (Finlayson 1997). This may extend southwards into the development area. Deep excavations close to the confluence of the Rivers Foss and Ouse at St George’s Field in 1992-3 (Hunter-Mann 1994) uncovered evidence for Bronze Age inundation with large tree trunks being preserved at depths of up to 8-9m.
The development site lies within the part of Roman York known as the canabae. This was the service and industrial area associated with the Legionary Fortress to the north. It might be expected to contain remains indicative of pottery and tile manufacture, metal working, tanning and leather working, butchery and any of the leisure activities pursued by the Roman troops.
Extensive Roman occupation deposits have been discovered close to the development site. The most significant of these were discovered to the south-west of the site and include cobbled surfaces and pits close to the course of the Roman River Foss which is thought to run across the development site. The Roman river channel and associated surfaces and features are believed to have been located during the construction of the Telephone Exchange on Hungate during 1951 and 1952 (Richardson 1961; RCHM 1962, 64). A large grit-stone structure was also located on the site and was interpreted as a Roman wharf and crane base. In recent years the Roman date of this structure has been questioned and it has been argued that the structure cannot be of this date due to the level at which it was constructed. It is now thought more likely to be medieval in date (Hunter-Mann, pers. comm.). During underpinning works at the Halifax Building Society, Stonebow in 1981, the grit-stone footings of a possible Roman building were observed at a depth of 3.50m below the present ground surface (Finlayson 1997). A cobbled surface was located in a bore-hole survey of the former York Union Gas works site at Palmer Lane (Hunter-Mann 1992) which was also thought to be Roman in date.
To the north and north-east of the development area clay extraction pits, kilns and dumps of material associated with pottery manufacture have been located in excavations at the Haymarket, Peasholme Green in 1986 to 1987 (Finlayson, 1997); the Borthwick Institute, Aldwark (Addyman, 1970); Layerthorpe Bridge (MAP, 1998); and Adam’s Hydraulics, Peasholme Green (Oakey, 1991; Brann, 1991; Finlayson, 1991 and 1997). During excavations at Layerthorpe Bridge in 1996 to 1998 (MAP, 1998) possible Roman riverside structures and a ford were revealed. These structures may extend further downstream and closer to the Roman road from the south-east gate of the Legionary Fortress, they may become more substantial possibly even including timber or stone wharves. The development site may therefore contain both important evidence for riverside occupation and trade as well as industrial activity on the higher ground to the north and north-east.
Significant waterlogged organic deposits believed to be of this date have been found close to the development site. They have been located during underpinning works at the Halifax Building Society on Stonebow (Finlayson 1997) and in two watching briefs on the pile foundations of new buildings at 27 and 30-32 Fossgate in 1983 and 1985 (Finlayson 1997). The presence of pits, post-holes, cesspits, clench bolts and pottery of these periods at the Peasholme Green end of the Adams Hydraulics site further upstream (Finlayson 1997) suggests settlement in the area. Possible boat building activity and wharves or riverside structures of this date may also have been preserved beneath later deposits.
Recently, excavations at Layerthorpe Bridge have revealed important evidence for pre-Norman riverside activity including a leat leading from or to the river. This may have been associated with one of the two pre-conquest mills mentioned as having been destroyed after the damming of the River Foss to create a wet ditch around York Castle. Evidence of other riverside activities recovered from the excavations included the repair and extension of river bank revetments, a possible clay bank that has been suggested as part of the Anglo-Scandinavian re-fortification of York, and a possible waterfront structure which consisted of vertically driven piles (in Coffer dam trenches 1 and 2) (MAP 1998).
At the Telephone Exchange on Hungate a large bank was identified as being of Anglo-Scandinavian date (Richardson 1961). This identification has been questioned due to discrepancies in the interpretation of the residuality of pottery from this and earlier contexts and a medieval date has been postulated (Hunter-Mann, pers. comm.).
Street names in the area also contain elements and personal names of Old Norse or Old English derivation. These include Haver Lane (originally Havergate) perhaps meaning he-goat or buck street, hafr’s street, or oat street; Hungate (originally Hundegat) meaning dog or hound street; Stonebow Lane (originally Staynbowe) (not the present Stonebow constructed in 1955) meaning stone-arch; and Peasholme (originally Pesehol’ or Pesehome grene) meaning ‘peas islet’ or low-lying ground by a river or stream where peas grow (Palliser 1978).
In the medieval period a number of major topographical changes occurred in the area. The first was the damming of the River Foss to provide a wet ditch for York Castle which was carried out in the 20 years prior to the Domesday Survey of 1086 and flooded a large area of land which became known as the King’s Fishpool (Stagnum regis).
From 1295 onwards the Carmelite Friars gained increasing influence over the area between Fossgate and Hungate after William de Vescy gave a house (messuage) in Stonebow Lane to them. The house came with land which extended to the Fishpool and by 1300 construction of the Friary church had commenced and its cemetery was consecrated in 1304. Over the next century it gradually expanded to include land that extended from ‘the Mersk’ (possibly just east of St. Saviour’s churchyard to Fossgate and from Stonebow Lane to the Fishpool. The area would have been enclosed within the friary precinct wall (Hunter-Mann 1991a and 1991b; Daniel 1991). This would make it unusual as medieval Hungate would have run through the precinct but it may be that the friary and its precinct walls only extended as far as the south-eastern side of Hungate (RCHM, 1981 149). The position of the friary buildings, including the church and the cemetery is at present not precisely known but they are almost certain to be within the development site. A quayside structure on the edge of the Fishpool which the Carmelites were given permission to construct in 1314 is also likely to be within the proposed development. The friary was of national importance being the head of one of the four distinctions into which the Carmelite province of England was divided. Several of the provincial priors of England were connected with this friary and at least two were buried in its cemetery. It also received many bequests because of its status and had many rich and powerful benefactors including the Percys of Northumberland.
From at least the early 15th century through to the 17th century however, Hungate is known to have become a dumping ground for rubbish from the medieval city, becoming an official dumping ground in 1524. This resulted in reclamation of land from the Fishpool between the Carmelite Friary and the church of St John in the Marsh (Hunter-Mann 1991). The Friary was surrendered to the crown in 1538 and at present the only surviving structure is the precinct wall on the south-west side, visible in Black Horse Passage and shown to be of medieval date in a recent evaluation at 13-14 Fossgate (Hopkinson & Ferguson 1998).
The exact position of the medieval church of St. John the Baptist (St John in the Marsh) is also not precisely known, but it is likely that it and its associated cemetery will be located within the development area. The most likely location, which is marked on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1852, is close to the junction of Dundas Street and Palmer Lane.
Historical records also mention the Peasholme Green area throughout the period. The church of All Saints, excavated on the Haymarket site in 1986-7, dates back to at least 1191/1206 and the excavated remains suggested a pre-conquest origin. A second church, St. Cuthbert’s, mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (RCHM 1981; Finlayson 1991) contains 11th century masonry within its fabric (MAP 1998). Both churches had cemeteries and it is possible that the cemetery of All Saint’s church extends into the development area. However, it is believed that the majority of the cemetery of All Saints extends beneath the Ambulance Station on the north-east side of Dundas Street. A detached part of the cemetery of the church of St. Crux, to the south-east of St. Saviour’s church, is still marked immediately to the north-west of the used car lot on The Stonebow.
Adjacent to and to the south west of All Saints' Church in Peasholme Green was a residence of Chantry Priests known as the Holy Priests' House (Raine 1955, 85-6). Its foundation is recorded in a will of 1402 and a well known as the Holy Priests' Well is mentioned by Drake (Drake 1736, 312). Two important merchants, John Craven and William Bowes, lived in the area in the 15th century, both were mayors of York and the latter was also an M.P. for the city. Peasholme Green, Hungate and Stonebow Lane would all have had medieval properties on their street frontages which would have been either timber-framed or stone built. The Guildhall of the Shoemakers or Cordwainers Guild is known to have been on Hungate (Raine, 1955). Its position is marked on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1852 from which it appears to have been located on the site of the present Territorial Army depot.
A medieval street connecting Peasholme Green and Hungate known as Haver Lane appears to have been swept away in the 19th century. It is likely that this was also lined with medieval properties. Behind these properties, stretching to the King’s Fishpool, would have been outbuildings and yards where industrial activity may have been carried out and beyond were gardens and orchards to the edges of the Fishpool.
A number of archaeological investigations have been carried out within the development area and just outside it which shed some light on the nature of the surviving medieval archaeological stratification. Watching briefs which have been carried out on the Territorial Army Depot, Hungate (1976), the Hungate Carpark (1980), Russell’s Garage, Palmer Lane in 1987, the NEEB Headquarters in Dundas Street in 1989 and Garden Place Car Park in 1989 have produced evidence that alluvial deposits relating to the silting up of the King’s Fishpool and medieval dumps of very organic character associated with the reclamation of ground on its margins (Finlayson 1997) have built up to a considerable depth. Excavations carried out in 1951-2 on the Telephone Exchange site in Garden Place (Hunter-Mann, pers comm.) also suggest a similar process of accumulation of alluvial silts, followed by successive attempts at land reclamation. In 1991 evaluation trenches and a bore-hole survey were carried out in Carmelite Street on the site of the former Anglo-Hungarian Roller Mills. This demonstrated the existence of very well preserved, waterlogged, organic medieval deposits that appear to have been associated with organised reclamation of the King’s Fishpool. The well preserved remains of part of a medieval quay were also found. The latter was related to a royal grant of 1314 which allowed the Carmelite Friary to reclaim an area of the King’s Fishpool for its construction.
In Palmer Lane, on the former York Union Gas Works site, a further series of bore-holes was monitored in 1992. These revealed a similar picture of preservation and suggest that similar conditions exist in this part of the development site (Hunter-Mann 1992). Excavations at Layerthorpe Bridge (MAP 1998) and on the Adams Hydraulics site (Oakey 1991; Brann 1991; Finlayson, 1991 and 1997) also revealed extensive areas of alluvial silts in the King’s Fishpool and late medieval dumping of organic and demolition materials to reclaim land from the Fishpool. A possible medieval fish trap sealed by 14th century Fishpool silts was also excavated in Trench C at Adams Hydraulics (Oakey 1991) and the remains of a possible medieval waterfront, river bank and channel and late medieval bridge were excavated at Layerthorpe Bridge (MAP 1998).
In 1538 the Carmelite Friary was surrendered to the King and the area seems to have become gardens behind properties on Stonebow Lane, Hungate, Haver Lane and Peasholme Green. Further land reclamation and dumping into the King's Fishpool continued during the 17th century. The pool was progressively shrinking in size. Well preserved, stratified, waterlogged organic deposits of this date have been located during evaluations, bore-hole surveys and watching briefs in Palmer Lane (Hunter-Mann 1992), Carmelite Street (Hunter-Mann 1991) (which produced over 20 very well preserved complete or almost complete leather shoes and boots (Carlisle 1996)), Garden Place Car Park (Finlayson 1997), the NEEB Headquarters in Dundas Street (ibid), Adams Hydraulics (Oakey 1991; Brann 1991; Finlayson 1991 and 1997) and also within the excavations carried out under the Telephone Exchange (Richardson 1961). Excavations on Peasholme Green at the Haymarket (Finlayson,1997), Woolpack House (Lilley 1995) Adams Hydraulics (1991-3) and Layerthorpe Bridge (MAP 1998) have also revealed dumping within backyards, and occasional structures, which were thought to relate to out-buildings rather than to the properties on the street frontage. The Haymarket site also produced a lime-kiln which was constructed within the fabric of All Saints church after its redundancy in 1586. Recent excavations at 13-14 Fossgate (Hopkinson & Ferguson 1998) produced evidence for a considerable build-up of post-medieval dump deposits against the outside of the Carmelite Friary precinct wall.
A significant 16th century timber-framed building (the Black Swan Public House) survives close to the study area, as well as St. Anthony’s Hall (15th and 17th century guildhall). The foundations of other structures of similar date may also survive within the development area on the medieval street frontages which continued to be inhabited into this period. This is suggested by the cartographic evidence. John Speed’s map of 1610 (Figure 3) and James Archer’s map of 1682 both show houses lining Peasholme Green, Hungate and Stonebow Lane and a few houses on Haver Lane and Palmer Lane (then known as Pond Lane). Significant reclamation by this date had made it possible for buildings to be constructed and industrial activity to be carried out on areas that were formerly within the King’s Fishpool, and these may survive in areas behind the street front properties. Much of the reclaimed land is thought to have been used as gardens and orchards. Foss Islands, within the former King's Fishpool, first appears on Benedict Horsley’s map of 1694 (Figure 4) (Finlayson 1991; Lilley 1995).
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Fig 3. John Speed's map of c.1610 |
Fig 4. Benedict Horsley's map of 1694 |
From the 1820’s onwards the Hungate area has been subject to intensive re-development with the construction of Carmelite Street, Garden Place, Hiram Place, Wesley Place, Rushby Place and Dundas Street (Hunter-Mann 1991). This is evident from maps such as that in Baines Directory (1822) (Figure 5), Bellerby’s map of 1847 and the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1852 (Figure 6). During the 19th Century the area became increasingly industrialised with the construction of the York Union Gas works in 1837, the Anglo-Hungarian Roller Mills in the 1860's and much terraced housing (Figure 8). By 1859, when York was visited by the Poor Law Guardians, the area was said to house many of the poor and the industrious classes of the city. In the Peasholme Green area, by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century (Figure 9) heavy industry increasingly developed and expanded eventually extending from the street frontage to the River Foss. This included iron and brass foundries, the Adams Hydraulics works, a steam laundry and a domestic hot water system manufacturer.
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Fig 5. Edward Baines’ map of 1822 |
Fig 6. Ordnance Survey map of 1852 |
Fig 7. Whittock’s Birds Eye View c.1858 |
During the 1930s the Hungate area was cleared of slums and the 1937 OS Map (Figure 9) shows it as largely empty. In the 1950s the area was redeveloped for light industry and warehousing, including the construction of the Telephone Exchange. In 1955 Hungate was bisected by the construction of a new road known as The Stonebow. This attracted further redevelopment and from the 1960s to the 1980s further buildings for light industry and offices and a car park have been constructed.
A large number of bore-holes and test-pits for engineering and archaeological purposes have been monitored in the area over the last 10 years. These were observed at the Adams Hydraulics site (1991-3), the NEEB Headquarters (1989), Carmelite Street (1991), Palmer Lane (1992) and the Shambles car park in Garden Place (1989).
Adams Hydraulics phases one to three produced much information about the nature and survival of archaeological deposits. Natural geology was encountered from c.8.00m AOD in the north-west corner of the site close to Peasholme Green and falls progressively to the north-east towards the Foss, the lowest point recorded on the street frontage being at 5.52m AOD. At the south end of the site a series of 15 bore-holes recorded the stratification from the south-west to the north-east, the levels of natural were 4.8m AOD (BH1), 4.5m AOD (BH2), 4.0m AOD (BH3), 4.1m AOD (BH4), 3.9m AOD (BH5 and 6), 4.1m AOD (BH9), 3.4m AOD (BH10 and 11), 3.8m AOD (BH12), 3.3m AOD (BH13), 3.5m AOD (BH14), 3.9m AOD (BH15) demonstrating this fall towards the River Foss. Trenches on the Peasholme Green frontage produced Roman deposits including pottery kiln debris preserved from c.9.00m AOD with possible structures surfaces and ditches at c.7.00m to 7.50m AOD. This was sealed by Anglo-Scandinavian and medieval deposits from c. 9.7m AOD. Over the rest of the site organic rich remains deposited within the King’s Fishpool were found beneath c.8.00m AOD, dipping to the south to c.6.00m AOD (Oakey 1991; Brann 1991; Finlayson 1992).
During archaeological evaluation in advance of the proposed redevelopment of the NEEB Headquarters off Dundas Street in 1989, a series of three trenches and 15 bore-holes were excavated and monitored. Natural deposits appeared to vary in depth across the site, the highest points (between 7.9m and 7.75m AOD) being located at the Dundas Street end of the site sloping down to the north-east and south-east (between 5.75m and 3.75m AOD). Above this organic dumps and alluvial deposits were observed in some of the bore-holes on the north-west and south-east sides of the investigated area. These appeared from c.6.75m AOD. In trench A1, on the northern edge of the site close to Dundas Street, the natural clay was sealed by a thick layer of material interpreted as medieval agricultural soil although for health and safety reasons no hand excavation could take place. Some of the bore-holes (13, 14, and 15) and all of the trenches showed signs of disturbance by 19th century cellars, foundations and drains and the site appears to have been built up by c.2m of modern dumps when the River Foss was canalised in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
At Garden Place car park in 1989 and Carmelite Street in 1991, evaluation and bore-hole surveys revealed more of the underlying natural topography. Two transects were analysed, on a north-west to south-east axis and a north-east to south-west axis. The first showed natural in general rising up from the south-east to the north-west, apart from right at the north-west end where in bore-hole 6 the natural topography appeared to be dipping again towards the north-west. The north-east to south-west axis showed natural deposits to be at relatively the same level. The natural ground surface varied between 3.6m AOD, and 5.0m AOD. Above this between 2.3m and 3.5m of archaeological deposits have built-up. The top of medieval deposits was as high as 7.35m AOD and above this highly organic and very well preserved archaeologically significant early post-medieval dumps occur from 7.75m AOD. Garden soil and modern dumps then built up to the existing ground surface which is between 8.8m and 9.1m AOD. It is also worth noting that these highly organic and rich medieval and post-medieval dumps, wharf structures and fishpool silts may seal Anglo-Scandinavian and Roman deposits on this site.
A bore-hole survey at Palmer Lane (1992) produced evidence that the natural ground surface was located at between 3.9m and 5.5m AOD, the highest point being at the north-western corner of the site close to the Palmer Lane street frontage. Medieval deposits were found consistently from 7.0m AOD and the well preserved organic late medieval or early post-medieval dumps from as high as 8.4m AOD. The overall thickness of archaeological deposits was between 1.5m and 3.0m. Modern dumps, garden/horticultural soils, occasional cellars, foundations and cobble surfaces then built the ground level up to c.9.9m AOD.
Excavations at the Haymarket and an evaluation at Woolpack House suggest that the natural ground surface rises from the River Foss up Peasholme Green from north-east to south-west, at least as far as Dundas Street and also from Peasholme Green to the north-west up St. Saviour’s Place to St. Saviourgate. Further to the south-west under the Telephone Exchange on Garden Place, the evidence collected during excavation appears to suggest that the natural topography dips down into a shallow basin. This may have been formed by the Roman and Anglo-Scandinavian course of the River Foss, the possible channel of which was located in the Telephone Exchange excavations.
Conclusions from this analysis of recent investigations can only be made on a very general basis as the constantly changing regime of the river Foss has made the formation of archaeological deposits within the area highly complex. The development area appears to include a peninsula of higher ground (confirmed in a recent probe and bore-hole survey) of glacial origin that extends from Peasholme Green down Dundas Street in a north-west to south-east direction. To the south-west of this, the former course of the Roman and Anglo-Scandinavian River Foss is likely to be located within the Garden Place, Carmelite Street and Hungate area.
The course of the early river is overlain by medieval river silts deposited in the King’s Fishpool and material dumped into the Fishpool during the medieval and post-medieval periods. All deposits in this area are likely to be very well preserved, waterlogged and organic and to contain important evidence for the history and development of this part of the city of York from the Roman period onwards. Evidence from Carmelite Street and Palmer Lane suggests that islands of earlier occupation exist in the area, sealed by Fishpool silts. On the Northern Electric site similar evidence is likely to be preserved with Fishpool and reclamation deposits possibly sealing evidence of earlier riverside activity from the prehistoric and Roman periods onwards. The area of higher ground on Dundas Street is likely to have shallower archaeological deposits, perhaps only 1.0m to 1.5m thick. These may also contain significant archaeological deposits from the Roman period onwards as well as burials and structures associated with the church of St. John the Baptist (St John in the Marsh).
A preliminary walkover survey was also carried out during this stage of the evaluation of the development site. In general the site appears to have suffered little from the effects of terracing, levelling or cellar digging. Only two sites, the former petrol station on The Stonebow and the Territorial Army Depot seem to have visible evidence for the removal of deposits by terracing activity. However, large scale redevelopment of the area has occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries and it is difficult to judge how much disturbance has occurred at this time. It is likely that the construction of The Stonebow in 1955 removed considerable quantities of archaeological deposit of medieval and post-medieval date and subsequent insertions of services may also have extensively disturbed deposits. The former petrol station petrol tanks are also likely to have removed archaeological deposits though the extent of this damage is also difficult to assess. It is also likely that the foundations for 19th century industrial buildings will have removed some deposits. Unless the 19th century terraced housing had cellars it is unlikely to have caused much damage to the underlying archaeology. The vast majority of the site appears to have been built up and levelled off with massive quantities of dumped materials from the medieval period onwards. This means that earlier deposits are likely to be very well preserved, waterlogged and to survive to considerable depths (over 6.0m deep in Garden Place). In the 1930s the 19th century slums in the area were demolished and much of the rubble produced may have remained on site and just been levelled off prior to further construction work being undertaken from the 1960s onwards.
There are no listed buildings and there appear to be few buildings of much architectural or historic interest in the development area. Discussion with the City of York's archaeologist has identified some buildings which may require limited work in advance of redevelopment.
A group of brick buildings on the south side of Palmer Lane and on the north-east side of the York Union Gas Works site may be some of the original buildings of the gas works shown on the 1852 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map. The river wall around the former gasworks may contain the remains of a coal wharf for gas production. A descriptive and photographic record of these buildings and the river wall should be made by an industrial archaeologist and deposited with the City of York sites and monuments record prior to their demolition.
A circular building on the Northern Electric Headquarters site is a modern purpose built telecommunications tower. A descriptive and photographic record of this building should be made by an industrial archaeologist and deposited with the City of York sites and monuments record prior to their demolition.
Behind the timber fence flanking the north-western boundary of the former petrol station on The Stonebow, brick and masonry walls are visible. These may relate to late medieval or post-medieval buildings on Hungate and should be recorded before being obscured or demolished during redevelopment.
A number of buildings which are listed on the Department of the Environment List of Buildings of Architectural and Historic Interest stand adjacent to the proposed development.
St. Cuthbert's Church, Peasholme Green - Grade I listed building, pre-conquest in origin. 11th and 15th century fabric. Not materially affected by this development.
St Saviour's Church, St. Saviourgate - Grade II* listed building, 15th century tower, church largely rebuilt in 1844-5 by R.H.Sharp in 14th century style with original materials. Now used as Archaeological Resource Centre (ARC) by York Archaeological Trust.
St. Anthony's Hall, Peasholme Green - Grade I listed building, 15th and 17th century Guildhall restored 1953. The largest of York's Guildhalls, it was built as the Hall of the Confraternity of St. Anthony of Vienne and is the last remaining building in the United Kingdom of this religious order. Later used by other guilds and as a school, work-house and prison. Now houses the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, University of York.
The Black Swan Public House, 21-3 Peasholme Green - Grade II* listed building, probably built in 1560, possibly earlier. Later 16th and 17th century additions and alterations. Part timber-framed, part brick, two storeys and attic.
Peasholme House, 1 St. Saviour's Place - Grade I listed building, three storeys with basement, c.1752, probably by John Carr, restored 1975.
12-13 St. Saviours Place - Grade II listed building, a uniform range of three storey brick houses, mid 19th century with later alterations.
14 St. Saviourgate (Lady Hewley's Hospital) - Grade II listed building, two storey ashlar in Tudor style, built in 1840 to design by J.P.Pritchett.
It seems unlikely that any of these listed buildings will be significantly affected by the proposed development. Those most at risk are St. Saviours Church and 14 St. Saviourgate (Lady Hewley's Hospital) both of which overlook the proposed development.
